URL编码

def url_encode(s):
    encoded = ''
    for char in s:
        if char in 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-._~':
            encoded += char
        else:
            utf8_bytes = char.encode('utf-8')
            for byte in utf8_bytes:
                hex_value = hex(byte)[2:].upper()
                if len(hex_value) == 1:
                    hex_value = '0' + hex_value
                encoded += '%' + hex_value
    return encoded

URL解码

def url_decode(s):
    decoded_bytes = bytearray()
    i = 0
    while i < len(s):
        if s[i] == '%':
            decoded_bytes.append(int(s[i+1:i+3], 16))
            i += 3
        else:
            decoded_bytes.append(ord(s[i]))
            i += 1
    return decoded_bytes.decode('utf-8')